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Software Management
Packages (dnf & rpm)

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Domain 3 · Software ManagementEX200 V10 (RHEL 10)

Packages (dnf & rpm)

Install, remove, update, search, and query packages with dnf and rpm. Understand group installs, package info, and history rollback.

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Packages (dnf & rpm) — CertForged

◆Concept — DNF — the RHEL package manager

DNF (Dandified YUM) is the high-level package manager on RHEL. RHEL 10 ships DNF 5, a rewrite with a faster resolver and a streamlined CLI. Under it sits RPM, the low-level tool for installing, querying, and removing individual .rpm files. You normally use dnf for everything — it handles dependency resolution, repository metadata, and transactions — and drop down to rpm only for specific queries (who owns this file? what version is installed?) or to install a local file when a repo isn't available. Every RHCSA exam has at least one "install package X" task, and usually one "find the RPM that owns this file" task.

✨Mental Model

Think of dnf as the supermarket and rpm as the warehouse clerk:

DNF walks the aisles (configured repositories), picks up a box, and automatically grabs everything else in the recipe (dependencies). Pays at checkout (transaction), receipts go into the history log so you can refund (rollback).
RPM is what's actually in each box. You can ask "what's in this box?" (rpm -qip foo.rpm) or "where did box X come from?" (rpm -qf /path/to/file), but you'd never use RPM to do your weekly shopping.